Water is an essential resource for life and therefore also to human activities. His understanding combines two essential aspects: first, the natural functioning of the water cycle and, secondly, the management company does this resource.
Spain as a whole can not be regarded as a dry country in the context world. However, the available water resources show great differences, due to the climatic diversity of its territory. Access to water is one of the most important territorial issues.
The spatial distribution of runoff is very proven and traditionally speak of a Spain Spain wet and dry. While in Cantabrian mountains and the main precipitation exceeds evaporation and large amounts of water are incorporated into the rivers, in the Mediterranean regions, evaporation, and soil ecosystems absorb much water and only a hasty small proportion of it is incorporated to runoff during wet periods or during episodes of heavy rainfall.
The total demand for water also has important regional differences. From the quantitative point of view is a demand for irrigation, which accounts for about 80% of the total, followed by the urban water supply (14%) and demand for industry (6%). In addition to these uses of surface water consumption is used as a source of entertainment and sports and rivers are used as collectors for the evacuation of urban waste. Most demand is met through resources on, although in some regions the groundwater extraction has overcome its deficit. In turn, in recent years, the technology associated with the desalination of seawater has developed greatly, and the floors are "manufactured" water are multiplying all the coastal regions of Spain, which has become one of the countries world's most advanced in this field.
However, the continued increase in demand, the absence of effective monitoring mechanisms, and the ease with which groundwater is extracted, allowed in some cases overexploited situations arise, which has caused serious environmental impacts and a deterioration of the resource. Thus, while in the Cantabrian there is a substantial surplus water in the lift and southeast peninsular is shown as a deficit area due to insufficient and irregular rainfall, the smallness of the river and rainfall regime of the river combined with high agricultural and urban pressure.
Uncertainty about water availability in much of the English territory has been taking place since ancient transport infrastructure and water uptake and a comprehensive legislation and specific organization.
water infrastructures are aimed at regulating water resources through dams, canals, wells and desalination plants or improve water quality through water treatment and purification. Within the regulatory infrastructure Spain stands for the number of reservoirs, easier to run in a mountain environment. The policy of dams has its detractors due to the impact on the natural flow of the river and the social impact due to the flooding of valleys and population displacement. The stored water is used primarily for irrigation, hydroelectric energy production and supply of urban centers. In Spain the use of desalination has become the 8th largest producer of desalinated water.
In 2015, in compliance with the regulations of the European Union, Spain is obliged to purge all urban discharges, so that you are installing an extensive network of treatment plants that return the water free of pollutants into rivers. Administratively
water management in the hands of the Water Boards under the Ministry of Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs, except in the case of the confederations which are wholly within an autonomous community, who depend on it. The Confederations down the river basin plans to regulate their internal resources.
Within the policy on water management have been advocated in the last decade two positions:
- Defenders of the National Hydrological Plan of 2001, during the Aznar government, which provided for the transfer of water from surplus basins to deficit basins. Believes that water is a renewable resource, as guaranteed by the water cycle, and defends the economic resource optimization of the use of this resource.
- Defenders of the New Water Culture, which define water as an eco-social asset. Advocate intervention to prevent the flow of rivers as not to affect the natural environment and do not transfer resources to where the demands are simply to adapt the demands on available resources.
Spain as a whole can not be regarded as a dry country in the context world. However, the available water resources show great differences, due to the climatic diversity of its territory. Access to water is one of the most important territorial issues.
The spatial distribution of runoff is very proven and traditionally speak of a Spain Spain wet and dry. While in Cantabrian mountains and the main precipitation exceeds evaporation and large amounts of water are incorporated into the rivers, in the Mediterranean regions, evaporation, and soil ecosystems absorb much water and only a hasty small proportion of it is incorporated to runoff during wet periods or during episodes of heavy rainfall.
The total demand for water also has important regional differences. From the quantitative point of view is a demand for irrigation, which accounts for about 80% of the total, followed by the urban water supply (14%) and demand for industry (6%). In addition to these uses of surface water consumption is used as a source of entertainment and sports and rivers are used as collectors for the evacuation of urban waste. Most demand is met through resources on, although in some regions the groundwater extraction has overcome its deficit. In turn, in recent years, the technology associated with the desalination of seawater has developed greatly, and the floors are "manufactured" water are multiplying all the coastal regions of Spain, which has become one of the countries world's most advanced in this field.
However, the continued increase in demand, the absence of effective monitoring mechanisms, and the ease with which groundwater is extracted, allowed in some cases overexploited situations arise, which has caused serious environmental impacts and a deterioration of the resource. Thus, while in the Cantabrian there is a substantial surplus water in the lift and southeast peninsular is shown as a deficit area due to insufficient and irregular rainfall, the smallness of the river and rainfall regime of the river combined with high agricultural and urban pressure.
Uncertainty about water availability in much of the English territory has been taking place since ancient transport infrastructure and water uptake and a comprehensive legislation and specific organization.
water infrastructures are aimed at regulating water resources through dams, canals, wells and desalination plants or improve water quality through water treatment and purification. Within the regulatory infrastructure Spain stands for the number of reservoirs, easier to run in a mountain environment. The policy of dams has its detractors due to the impact on the natural flow of the river and the social impact due to the flooding of valleys and population displacement. The stored water is used primarily for irrigation, hydroelectric energy production and supply of urban centers. In Spain the use of desalination has become the 8th largest producer of desalinated water.
In 2015, in compliance with the regulations of the European Union, Spain is obliged to purge all urban discharges, so that you are installing an extensive network of treatment plants that return the water free of pollutants into rivers. Administratively
water management in the hands of the Water Boards under the Ministry of Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs, except in the case of the confederations which are wholly within an autonomous community, who depend on it. The Confederations down the river basin plans to regulate their internal resources.
Within the policy on water management have been advocated in the last decade two positions:
- Defenders of the National Hydrological Plan of 2001, during the Aznar government, which provided for the transfer of water from surplus basins to deficit basins. Believes that water is a renewable resource, as guaranteed by the water cycle, and defends the economic resource optimization of the use of this resource.
- Defenders of the New Water Culture, which define water as an eco-social asset. Advocate intervention to prevent the flow of rivers as not to affect the natural environment and do not transfer resources to where the demands are simply to adapt the demands on available resources.
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