Globalization and Diversity: the processes of globalization, characteristics and consequences. Major global geo-economic areas and inequalities.
The globalization is a phenomenon that implies increased economic interdependence, social and cultural development of all countries in the world that has accelerated in recent decades.
The globalization is a phenomenon that implies increased economic interdependence, social and cultural development of all countries in the world that has accelerated in recent decades.
The remote start of globalization we can roll back to 1492 and was discoveries, in establishing contact between all the continents and civilizations in the world. But from the end of World War II when the GATT agreements trying to deepen in the elimination of protective tariffs, whereas protectionism as one of the origins of previous world wars. But we must wait for the pro-Soviet bloc's collapse and the end of the Cold War for accelerating the political opening that allows the collaboration of all countries. The opening China and creation of the WTO (World Trade Organization) in 1995 will facilitate this process of globalization.
The causes of this process are varied:
- Increasing the capacity, speed and cheaper transport it possible to carry large volumes of goods at a lower price and carry passengers in a short time and low cost.
- Rising multinational companies, that locate their production in those places that are more convenient and established global markets.
- Creating international economic organizations like the International Monetary Fund the World Bank or the World Trade Organization
- The development of the ICT (Information Technology and Communication: computer, internet, mobile phones, etc..) that allows immediate transfer of information anywhere in the world .
- Rising multinational companies, that locate their production in those places that are more convenient and established global markets.
- Creating international economic organizations like the International Monetary Fund the World Bank or the World Trade Organization
- The development of the ICT (Information Technology and Communication: computer, internet, mobile phones, etc..) that allows immediate transfer of information anywhere in the world .
The consequences of globalization affects all aspects of our lives:
- Economically has favored business and trade economic growth. Has led a process of industrial relocation, resulting in crisis areas mature industry in developed countries, and rapid industrial growth of so-called emerging countries .
- Socially has increased employment and consumption in emerging countries and has led to greater flexibility labor in developed countries, who need to seek competitiveness.
- Politically has expanded the number of democratic states worldwide. Military cooperation of democratic states under UN supervision, supports the peacekeeping in defense of human rights . On the contrary, too the terrorism, especially Islamist, has reached a global level. Furthermore, States have ceded part of its sovereignty against international organizations.
- Culturally spreads science and Western culture , mostly due to media masses (television, film, Internet, etc..) That threatens the disappearance of minority cultures .
- Environmentally increased population and consumption leads to increased pressure on the planet resources and increased pollution, which causes the current process climate change.
- Socially has increased employment and consumption in emerging countries and has led to greater flexibility labor in developed countries, who need to seek competitiveness.
- Politically has expanded the number of democratic states worldwide. Military cooperation of democratic states under UN supervision, supports the peacekeeping in defense of human rights . On the contrary, too the terrorism, especially Islamist, has reached a global level. Furthermore, States have ceded part of its sovereignty against international organizations.
- Culturally spreads science and Western culture , mostly due to media masses (television, film, Internet, etc..) That threatens the disappearance of minority cultures .
- Environmentally increased population and consumption leads to increased pressure on the planet resources and increased pollution, which causes the current process climate change.
Following the demise of bloc politics in the -90 and the strengthening of the so-called emerging countries has set a new global map of geo-economic :
- United States has been the only military superpower and remains the leading economic power and political world. Its cultural influence is enormous and extends across the globe.
- The European Union remains economically highly developed area, which highlights the weight of Germany, which has improved its economic integration with the euro, and most social status for their welfare state model. However, suffers from political weakness due to lack of political integration of its component states.
- Japan and South Korea are a major industrial power, but weak politically and militarily.
- Russia has converted its business model after the demise of communism. Continues to maintain its influence in post-Soviet countries and its economic strength based on natural resources and energy.
- China has become the fastest growing economic power after changing the so-called market socialism. It also has great political weight, military and demographic.
- The Asian Dragons (Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, etc.) are a set of countries that have had a strong industrial growth in recent years, based on low wages and suffer from social security deficit.
- India, Pakistan and Brazil country with a heavy population and natural resources are a rapidly growing industry and a major influence on their own markets and neighboring countries.
Regarding inequalities the world after World War II was classified in:
- Developed or center, are the most industrialized countries and where decisions are global political and economic. Within this group are USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Europe. Have a high HDI and low birth
- or periphery underdeveloped countries are less industrialized countries with little international influence. In this group are most African states, Central America and some Asian countries. Have a low HDI and high birth
After growth brought about by globalization should be noted a third group:
- Emerging are countries that increase their economic presence through natural resources or energy, the demographic weight of their markets and industrial growth was enhanced by cheaper labor. The growth of these countries has led to an improvement of population's social development and strengthening of political presence in their states at the international level.
- Emerging are countries that increase their economic presence through natural resources or energy, the demographic weight of their markets and industrial growth was enhanced by cheaper labor. The growth of these countries has led to an improvement of population's social development and strengthening of political presence in their states at the international level.
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